There are inherent structural and functional differences in the central nervous systems
(CNS) of females and males. It has been gradually established that these sex-specific …

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive loss of memory and cognition, for which there is no
cure. Although genetic studies initially suggested a primary role for amyloid-in Alzheimer's …

Brain diseases, including neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular and neuropsychiatric
diseases, have posed a deleterious threat to human health and brought a great burden to …

Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. These cells of
mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions of the central nervous system …

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) can regulate neuronal excitability by acting on the
cys-loop cation-conducting ligand-gated nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) channels. These …

Profound and debilitating fatigue is the most common complaint reported among individuals
with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 …

Parkinson's disease is characterised by a slow and progressive degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite intensive research, the cause of the …

The nervous system and immune system have broad and overlapping distributions in the
body, and interactions of these ubiquitous systems are central to the field of …

Degeneration of central cholinergic neurons impairs memory, and enhancement of
cholinergic synapses improves cognitive processes. Cholinergic signaling is also anti …

Inflammation can cause damage and even death. What controls this primitive and potentially
lethal innate immune response to injury and infection? Molecular and neurophysiological …