Research involving nonhuman primates (NHPs) has played a vital role in many of the
medical and scientific advances of the past century. NHPs are used because of their …

The AIDS pandemic continues to present us with unique scientific and public health
challenges. Although the development of effective antiretroviral therapy has been a major …

Human APOBEC3 enzymes are cellular DNA cytidine deaminases that inhibit and/or mutate
a variety of retroviruses, retrotransposons, and DNA viruses. Here, we report a detailed …

Tetherin, also known as BST2, CD317 or HM1. 24, was recently identified as an interferon-
inducible host–cell factor that interferes with the detachment of virus particles from infected …

An estimated 3% of the world's population is chronically infected with hepatitis C virus
(HCV). Although HCV was discovered more than 20 y ago, its origin remains obscure largely …

Because of the limited tropism of HIV, in vivo modeling of this virus has been almost
exclusively limited to other lentiviruses such as SIV that reproduce many important …

Developing a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine is critical to end the global
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, but many question whether this …

Successful antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for mucosal and intravenous HIV-
1 transmission could reduce new infections among targeted high-risk populations including …

'Infodemia'is a portmanteau between 'information'and 'epidemics', referring to wide and rapid
accumulation and dissemination of information, misinformation, and disinformation about a …

How botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cross the host intestinal epithelial barrier in foodborne
botulism is poorly understood. Here, we present the crystal structure of a clostridial …