Intensiometric genetically encoded biosensors, based on allosteric modulation of the
fluorescence of a single fluorescent protein, are powerful tools for enabling imaging of …

Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of
cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over …

Abstract Calcium ions (Ca 2+) are prominent intracellular messengers in all eukaryotic cells.
Recent studies have emphasized the crucial roles of Ca 2+ in plant immunity. Here, we …

Plants are active contributors to the betterment of human living conditions and play a critical
role in ecological systems. During the process of plant growth and development, several …

Glutamate has dual roles in metabolism and signaling; thus, signaling functions must be
isolatable and distinct from metabolic fluctuations, as seen in low-glutamate domains at …

Pollen tube tip growth requires intricate Ca2+ signaling. Recent studies have also identified
rapid alkalization factor (RALF)-family peptides and their receptors as critical components for …

Plants rely on systemic signalling mechanisms to establish whole-body defence in response
to insect and nematode attacks. GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) genes have been …

Cell homeostasis is perturbed when dramatic shifts in the external environment cause the
physical-chemical properties inside the cell to change. Experimental approaches for …

The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) is a key regulator of plant growth and development.
Although the upstream regulation and downstream responses to GA vary across cells and …

The most successful genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) employ an intensity or
ratiometric readout. Despite a large calcium-dependent change in fluorescence intensity, the …