The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

Intensiometric genetically encoded biosensors, based on allosteric modulation of the
fluorescence of a single fluorescent protein, are powerful tools for enabling imaging of …

Spontaneous animal behaviour is built from action modules that are concatenated by the
brain into sequences,. However, the neural mechanisms that guide the composition of …

Calcium imaging with genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) is routinely used to
measure neural activity in intact nervous systems. GECIs are frequently used in one of two …

Orexins (also called hypocretins) are hypothalamic neuropeptides that carry out essential
functions in the central nervous system; however, little is known about their release and …

GCaMP, one popular type of genetically-encoded Ca2+ indicator, has been associated with
various side-effects. Here we unveil the intrinsic problem prevailing over different versions …

Abstract l-Lactate is increasingly appreciated as a key metabolite and signaling molecule in
mammals. However, investigations of the inter-and intra-cellular dynamics of l-lactate are …

Animal behavior originates from neuronal activity distributed across brain-wide networks.
However, techniques available to assess large-scale neural dynamics in behaving animals …

Although ubiquitous in biological studies, the enhanced green and yellow fluorescent
proteins (EGFP and EYFP) were not specifically optimized for neuroscience, and their …

Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are indispensable tools for real-time
monitoring of intracellular calcium signals and cellular activities in living organisms. Current …