Lipids are abundant and play essential roles in human health and disease. The main
functions of lipids are building blocks for membrane biogenesis. However, lipids are also …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of receptors in the human
genome and some of the most common drug targets. It is now well established that GPCRs …

Heterotrimetic G proteins consist of four subfamilies (G s, G i/o, G q/11, and G 12/13) that
mediate signaling via G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), principally by receptors binding …

Norepinephrine (NE) is a key biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter involved in a wide
range of physiological processes. However, its precise dynamics and regulation remain …

Lysophospholipids, exemplified by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-
phosphate (S1P), are produced by the metabolism and perturbation of biological …

Binding of arrestin to phosphorylated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is crucial for
modulating signaling. Once internalized, some GPCRs remain complexed with β-arrestins …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of cell surface receptors in the
genome and the most successful family of targets of FDA-approved drugs. New frontiers in …

Signaling-biased ligands acting on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) differentially
activate heterotrimeric G proteins and β-arrestins. Although a wealth of structural knowledge …

Despite the discovery of heterotrimeric αβγ G proteins∼ 25 years ago, their selective
perturbation by cell-permeable inhibitors remains a fundamental challenge. Here we report …

A great deal of experimental evidence suggests that ligands can stabilize different receptor
active states that go on to interact with cellular signaling proteins to form a range of different …