BACKGROUND Pathogens cause agricultural devastation and huge economic losses. Up to
30% of our crops are lost before or after harvest to pathogens and pests, wasting water and …

Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

Plants have evolved an array of defenses against pathogens. However, mounting a defense
response frequently comes with the cost of a reduction in growth and reproduction, carrying …

Plants have evolved multiple defense strategies to cope with pathogens, among which plant
immune signaling that relies on cell‐surface localized and intracellular receptors takes …

Both plants and animals rely on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-
containing (NLR) proteins to respond to invading pathogens and activate immune …

In plant innate immunity, individual cells have the capacity to sense and respond to
pathogen attack. Intracellular recognition mechanisms have evolved to intercept …

Defense against pathogens in multicellular eukaryotes depends on intracellular immune
receptors, yet surveillance by these receptors is poorly understood. Several plant nucleotide …

Plants coordinately use cell‐surface and intracellular immune receptors to perceive
pathogens and mount an immune response. Intracellular events of pathogen recognition are …

Small RNAs (sRNAs) are known to regulate pathogenic plant–microbe interactions.
Emerging evidence from the study of these model systems suggests that microRNAs …

Microbial pathogens infect host cells by delivering virulence factors (effectors) that interfere
with defenses. In plants, intracellular nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat receptors …