Smoking is one of the major lifestyle factors influencing the health of human beings. Life-
long cigarette smokers have a higher prevalence of common diseases such as …

and by CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L and CD154) interactions. 18–22 Once adherent, the
monocytes transmigrate into the tunica intima, the innermost layer of the arterial wall …

Statins have been prescribed extensively for their cholesterol-lowering properties and
efficacy in cardiovascular disease. However, compelling evidence now exists that statins …

Development of the acquired immune response is dependent on the signaling of CD40 by
its ligand, CD154. These molecules govern both the magnitude and quality of humoral-and …

According to traditional thinking, atherosclerosis results from passive lipid deposition in the
vascular wall. Thus, therapies predominantly targeted lipid metabolism. The contemporary …

The role of CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) in atherothrombosis is now widely accepted.
However, the exact mechanisms linking the CD40/CD40L system and the soluble form of …

Basic research over the last two decades has identified a large number of molecules
pertinent to the atherosclerotic process, which have clearly improved our understanding of …

Background Activated microglial cells have been implicated in a number of
neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Background—Elevated plasma concentrations of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) indicate
increased risk for future cardiovascular events in apparently healthy women. This study …

Emerging data suggest that acute presentations of coronary artery disease may involve a
complex interplay between the vessel wall, inflammatory cells, and the coagulation cascade …