Adjuvants are vaccine components that enhance the magnitude, breadth and durability of
the immune response. Following its introduction in the 1920s, alum remained the only …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a diverse group of specialized antigen-presenting cells with key
roles in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. As such …

Monocytes develop in the bone marrow and represent the primary type of mononuclear
phagocyte found in the blood. They were long thought of as a source for tissue …

Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They
regulate self-/non-self-discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer …

Immunotherapy using dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination is an approved approach for
harnessing the potential of a patient's own immune system to eliminate tumor cells in …

The presentation of exogenous antigens on MHC class I molecules, known as cross-
presentation, is essential for the initiation of CD8+ T cell responses. In vivo, cross …

The past decade has seen tremendous developments in novel cancer therapies through the
targeting of tumor-cell-intrinsic pathways whose activity is linked to genetic alterations and …

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) can block multiple stages of the HIV-1 life cycle to
prevent progression to AIDS in people living with HIV-1. However, owing to the persistence …

Given the limited efficacy of clinical approaches that rely on ex vivo generated dendritic cells
(DCs), it is imperative to design strategies that harness specialized DC subsets in situ. This …

The unique class of heavy chain–only antibodies, present in Camelidae, can be shrunk to
just the variable region of the heavy chain to yield VHHs, also called nanobodies. About one …