Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is the most potent pro-fibrogenic cytokine and its
expression is increased in almost all of fibrotic diseases. Although signaling through Smad …

Cardiac fibrosis is central to the pathology of heart failure, particularly heart failure with
preserved ejection fraction (HF p EF). Irrespective of the underlying profibrotic condition (eg …

Elevated blood pressure is the leading heritable risk factor for cardiovascular disease
worldwide. We report genetic association of blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, pulse …

Oxidative stress, mainly contributed by reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been implicated
in pathogenesis of several diseases. We review two primary examples; fibrosis and cancer …

Significance: Impaired wound healing is a major complication of diabetes, and can lead to
development of chronic foot ulcers in a significant number of patients. Despite the danger …

The adventitia, the outer layer of the blood vessel wall, may be the most complex layer of the
wall and may be the master regulator of wall physiology and pathobiology. This review …

Tumor associated fibroblasts (TAFs) are key stromal cells mediating the desmoplastic
reaction and being partially responsible for the drug-resistance and immunosuppressive …

Chronic liver injury, resulted from different etiologies (eg, virus infection, alcohol abuse,
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cholestasis) can lead to liver fibrosis characterized …

Uncontrolled fibrosis in organs like heart, kidney, liver and lung is detrimental and may lead
to end-stage organ failure. Currently there is no effective treatment for fibrotic disorders …

Rationale: After adjustment for the amount of smoking, women have a 50% increased risk of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with men. The anatomic basis …