Although several studies have shown that ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths are important in
naturally occurring, visually guided behaviours of vertebrates, the function of the UV cone in …

Ultraviolet (UV) cones are photoreceptors that sense light in the range 300–450 nm and are
found in the retinas of non-mammalian vertebrates and small mammals. Despite their …

The same near-ultraviolet (NUV)(300–400 nm) light that facilitates photo-degradation in
polymers is also a key component in animal communication, particularly in insects and birds …

The present invention discloses a non-quarter wave multilayer structure having a plurality of
alternating low index of refraction material stacks and high index of refraction material …

Many vertebrates exhibit prominent body colours that are used in courtship and territorial
communication. Some fishes also have an eye whose iris becomes iridescent during the …

Color vision is mediated by the expression of different major visual pigment proteins (opsins)
on retinal photoreceptors. Vertebrates have four classes of cone opsins that are most …

Sea lice are ectoparasitic copepods that threaten salmon farming aquaculture and the
viability of wild salmon populations. To control infestations on farmed salmon, several …

Vertebrate photoreceptors are commonly distinguished based on the shape of their outer
segments: those of cones taper, whereas the ones from rods do not. The functional …

In contrast to other vertebrates, some anchovies have cone photoreceptors with
longitudinally oriented outer segment lamellae. These photoreceptors are axially dichroic …

This paper attempts to express the golden ratio numbers with nucleotide bases (AT, G, C
and U) as regards to Quantum Perspective Model. At first, if you take the exact value of …