Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen responsible for a disease called
listeriosis, which is potentially lethal in immunocompromised individuals. This bacterium, first …

Traditional annotation of protein-encoding genes relied on assumptions, such as one open
reading frame (ORF) encodes one protein and minimal lengths for translated proteins. With …

The use of alternative translation initiation sites enables production of more than one protein
from a single gene, thereby expanding the cellular proteome. Although several such …

Listeriosis, an invasive illness with a fatality rate between 20% and 30%, is caused by the
ubiquitous bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Human listeriosis has long been associated …

Alternative sigma factors have led the core RNA polymerase (RNAP) to recognize different
sets of promoters to those recognized by the housekeeping sigma A-directed RNAP. This …

Identification of small open reading frames (sm ORF s) encoding small proteins (≤ 100
amino acids; SEP s) is a challenge in the fields of genome annotation and protein discovery …

In recent years, there has been increased appreciation that a whole category of proteins,
small proteins of around 50 amino acids or fewer in length, has been missed by annotation …

Acidity is one of the principal physicochemical factors that influence the behavior of
microorganisms in any environment, and their response to it often determines their ability to …

Escherichia coli was one of the first species to have its genome sequenced and remains one
of the best-characterized model organisms. Thus, it is perhaps surprising that recent studies …

The large abundance of small open reading frames (smORFs) in prokaryotic and eukaryotic
genomes and the plethora of smORFencoded small proteins became only apparent with …