Animal poisons and venoms are comprised of different classes of molecules displaying wide-
ranging pharmacological activities. This review aims to provide an in-depth view of toxin …

Snake bite is a common and frequently devastating environmental and occupational
disease, especially in rural areas of tropical developing countries. Its public health …

With the rapid rise in the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to multiple classes of
antimicrobial agents, there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial therapies to …

Natriuretic peptides are a family of three structurally related hormone/paracrine factors. Atrial
natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are secreted from the cardiac …

Atrial natriuretic peptide, B‐type natriuretic peptide and C‐type natriuretic peptide constitute
a family of three structurally related, but genetically distinct, signaling molecules that …

Hypertension and heart failure (HF) are common diseases that, despite advances in medical
therapy, continue to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, innovative …

Cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) mediates a wide spectrum of physiologic
processes in multiple cell types within the cardiovascular system. Dysfunctional signaling at …

As a family of hormones with pleiotropic effects, natriuretic peptide (NP) system includes
atrial NP (ANP), B-type NP (BNP), C-type NP (CNP), dendroaspis NP and urodilatin, with NP …

The discovery of the heart as an endocrine organ resulted in a remarkable recognition of the
natriuretic peptide system (NPS). Specifically, research has established the production of …

Snakes are fascinating creatures and have been residents of this planet well before ancient
humans dwelled the earth. Venomous snakes have been a figure of fear, and cause notable …