Small-scale gap disturbance in forests is reviewed. Caused by the death of individual or
multiple trees with subsequent fall from the canopy, gaps have been extensively studied in …

The aim here was to review and summarize the findings of scientific studies concerning the
types of forest dynamics which occur in natural forests (ie forests with negligible human …

ABSTRACT Quaternary (last 2.6 million years) botany involves studying plant megafossils
(eg tree stumps), macrofossils (eg seeds, leaves), and microfossils (eg pollen, spores) …

Traps were used to quantify charcoal production and transport during three experimental
forest fires in Boreal Scandinavia. The traps were spatially arranged to collect charcoal …

The appearance of the natural disturbance dynamics paradigm in forest ecology has
contributed to a more diversified view of forest dynamics. Disturbances in forests range from …

The study of Quaternary environmental change is directly applicable to on-going issues of
global conservation. Palaeoecological research techniques provide the tools to address …

Very old, undisturbed forest stands may be important for biodiversity through their content of
microhabitats or for the long periods available for colonisation, or for both. The term …

Forest fires release significant amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, but also
convert a fraction of the burning vegetation to charred black carbon. Black carbon is hard to …

Boreal forest management has changed rapidly during recent years, and new forestry
practices, such as green tree retention (GTR), which aim at ecological sustainability have …

In a study of the effect of forest clear-cutting on the saproxylic beetle fauna in aspen in
Norwegian boreonemoral forest, we find that both sun exposure and substrate are important …