The rapid development of information technology has led to urgent requirements for high
efficiency and ultralow power consumption. In the past few decades, neuromorphic …

Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)-based hydrogels are gaining a great deal of attention as
potentially implantable materials in tissue engineering applications because of their …

Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have emerged as a promising in vitro model
system for studying neurodevelopment. However, current models remain limited in their …

Neural progenitor cell (NPC) culture within three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels is an attractive
strategy for expanding a therapeutically relevant number of stem cells. However, relatively …

Natural extracellular matrices (ECMs) have been widely used as a support for the adhesion,
migration, differentiation, and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). However …

Astragalus membranaceus Bunge has been used to treat numerous diseases for thousands
of years. As the main active substance of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, astragaloside …

Neural stem cells (NSCs), with the capability of self‐renewal, differentiation, and
environment modulation, are considered promising for stroke, brain injury therapy, and …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells. Although they were originally
identified in bone marrow and described as 'marrow stromal cells', they have since been …

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are considered to be prospective replacements for neuronal cell
loss as a result of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the survival and neuronal differentiation …

Intercellular communication in the central nervous system (CNS) is essential for brain
growth, development, and homeostasis maintenance and, when dysfunctional, is involved in …