The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di
Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial …

Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS), such as Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS),
Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), are …

Key points Applications of transcranial direct current stimulation to modulate human
neuroplasticity have increased in research and clinical settings. However, the need for …

The flexible integration of segregated neural processes is essential to healthy brain function.
Advances in neuroimaging techniques have revealed that psychiatric and neurological …

Background Cognitive, and motor performance are reduced in aging, especially with respect
to acquisition of new knowledge, which is associated with a neural plasticity decline. Animal …

Objective Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool used for studying
cortical excitability and plasticity in the human brain. This review aims to quantitatively …

OBJECTIVE Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is a noninvasive method
for preoperatively localizing functional areas in patients with tumors in presumed motor …

Background tDCS modulates cortical plasticity and has shown potential to improve
cognitive/motor functions in healthy young humans. However, age-related alterations of …

Objective Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent condition in older adults. Although
antidepressant drugs are commonly prescribed, efficacy is variable, and older patients are …

Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been shown to be safe
and effective for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in the general adult population …