Earthworms play positive ecological roles in soil formation, structure, and fertility,
environmental protection, and terrestrial food chains. For this review, we searched the Web …

The class of insecticides known as neonicotinoid insecticides has gained extensive
application worldwide. Two characteristics of neonicotinoid pesticides are excellent …

With the wide use of mulch film and pesticides, mulch film-derived microplastics are very
likely to produce combined effects with pesticides in agricultural soil. However, little is known …

The environmental issues caused by biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) from polylactic
acid (PLA) as well as pesticides are of increasing concern nowadays. In this study, the …

Microplastics (MPs) are a class of emerging contaminants with diverse sizes. They influence
the behavior of pollutants in the environment and cause harmful effects on organisms. To …

Antibiotics could enter farmlands through sewage irrigation or manure application, causing
combined pollution with pesticides. Antibiotics may affect the environmental fate of …

Flupyradifurone (FLU) has great application potential in agricultural production as a new
generation of neonicotinoid insecticide after imidacloprid. Nevertheless, the toxic effects of …

Petroleum is an important industrial raw material that enters the soil during production and
use and is harmful to soil organisms. To evaluate the toxicity of petroleum-contaminated soil …

Isoprocarb (IPC) is a conventional carbamate with high insecticidal activity, however,
generalized use of it may cause soil contamination and adversely implicate non-target biota …

Soil toxicological tests are commonly performed using Eisenia fetida as the standard
earthworm species, but it is tolerant to a wide range of pollutants. Therefore, the inclusion of …