Abstract The Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) is a widely used self‐report measure of
empirically derived groupings of defense mechanisms ranked on an adaptive hierarchy. A …

Research from several domains indicates that genetic factors, childhood environment, and
later interpersonal experiences are important sources of how patients relate to their …

Examined differences between more and less effective trainee psychotherapists. Therapists
were assigned to one of two groups depending on whether the preponderance of their …

OBJECTIVE: This study examined 1) whether patients with chronic and recurrent anxiety
and depressive disorders and/or personality disorders demonstrate improvement in their …

The authors present a new transcript-based method for the assessment of therapeutic
alliance ruptures and resolutions in psychotherapy—the Collaborative Interaction Scale …

Objective: We present a mixed methods systematic review of the effectiveness of therapist
empathic reflections, which have been adopted by a range of approaches to communicate …

This study examined defensive functioning in adults entering open-ended dynamic
psychotherapy and determined whether defenses predict retention at 1 year. Beginning at …

Abstract Interpretation is the doyen of therapeutic techniques and has received some of the
greatest theoretical and clinical attention. Nevertheless, to date, no meta-analysis has …

This chapter describes a variety of qualitative methods that can be used within
psychotherapy process research (PPR). After a general introduction of qualitative PPR, this …

Defense mechanisms have a robust history in psychoanalysis and psychodynamic theory,
research and practice. Defense mechanisms are one's automatic adaptive responses to …