Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the endocytic portal into cells through which cargo is
packaged into vesicles with the aid of a clathrin coat. It is fundamental to neurotransmission …

Because of the extremely polarized morphology, the proper functioning of neurons largely
relies on the efficient cargo transport along the axon. Axonal transport defects have been …

Exosomes are microvesicles released into the extracellular medium upon fusion to the
plasma membrane of endosomal intermediates called multivesicular bodies. They represent …

Many drug targets are localized to particular subcellular compartments, yet current drug
design strategies are focused on bioavailability and tissue targeting and rarely address drug …

Botulinum neurotoxins (designated BoNT/A–BoNT/G) are bacterial enzymes that block
neurotransmitter release by cleaving essential components of the vesicle fusion machinery …

Vesicular pathways coupling the neuromuscular junction with the motor neuron soma are
essential for neuronal function and survival. To characterize the organelles responsible for …

Clostridia produce the highest number of toxins of any type of bacteria and are involved in
severe diseases in humans and other animals. Most of the clostridial toxins are pore-forming …

Cholera toxin (CT), and members of the AB5 family of toxins enter host cells and hijack the
cell's endogenous pathways to induce toxicity. CT binds to a lipid receptor on the plasma …

Plasmalemmal neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs) regulate the level of neurotransmitters,
such as dopamine (DA) and glutamate, after their release at brain synapses. Stimuli …

The striking differences between the clinical symptoms of tetanus and botulism have been
ascribed to the different fate of the parental neurotoxins once internalised in motor neurons …