BACKGROUND Somatic mutations accumulate in normal tissues as a function of time. The
great majority of these mutations have no effect on fitness, so selection does not act upon …

Inflammation is an evolutionarily selected defense response to infection or tissue damage
that involves activation and consumption of immune cells in order to reestablish and …

Ageing is a degenerative process that leads to tissue dysfunction and death. A proposed
cause of ageing is the accumulation of epigenetic noise that disrupts gene expression …

Age is the dominant risk factor for most chronic human diseases, but the mechanisms
through which ageing confers this risk are largely unknown. The age-related acquisition of …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with age and smoking, but
other determinants of the disease are incompletely understood. Clonal hematopoiesis of …

Chromatin is a macromolecular complex predominantly comprising DNA, histone proteins
and RNA. The methylation of chromatin components is highly conserved as it helps …

Background Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), which is defined as the
presence of an expanded somatic blood-cell clone in persons without other hematologic …

Summary R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG), produced at high levels by mutant isocitrate
dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) enzymes, was reported as an oncometabolite. We show here …

Background Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often reach complete remission,
but relapse rates remain high. Next-generation sequencing enables the detection of …

In mammals, DNA methylation in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) can be actively
reversed to unmodified cytosine (C) through TET dioxygenase-mediated oxidation of 5mC to …