Modifiable risk and protective factors for boosting brain and cognitive development and
preventing neurodegeneration and cognitive decline are embraced in neuroimaging …

Developmental periods such as gestation and adolescence have enhanced plasticity
leaving the brain vulnerable to harmful effects from nicotine use. Proper brain maturation …

Pregnancy frequently is associated with emotional conditions such as anxiety and
depression. Perinatal depression has an incidence of around 12%. Only recently researcher …

Objective To investigate the potential association between prenatal opioid exposure and the
risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in children. Design Nationwide birth cohort study. Setting …

Objectives: This study used 2000–2020 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
data to estimate trends in smoking before, during, and after pregnancy, as well as quitting …

Abstract Introduction The Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68)
is a 68-item questionnaire to assess nicotine dependence as a multifactorial construct based …

Importance Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) are risk
factors associated with adverse neurobehavioral and cognitive outcomes. Objective To …

Background The early adversity is associated with a series of negative outcomes in
adulthood, and the impact on the cerebral cortex may be one of the fundamental causes of …

Background Previous studies have shown that brain volume is negatively associated with
cigarette smoking, but there is an ongoing debate about whether smoking causes lowered …

Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the relationships between early life
psychobiological and environmental risk factors and the development of tobacco addiction …