In the coming years and decades, advanced space-and ground-based observatories will
allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially …

We describe how environmental context can help determine whether oxygen (O2) detected
in extrasolar planetary observations is more likely to have a biological source. Here we …

Exoplanets smaller than Neptune are common around red dwarf stars (M dwarfs), with those
that transit their host star constituting the bulk of known temperate worlds amenable for …

The search for habitable environments and biomarkers in exoplanetary atmospheres is the
holy grail of exoplanet science. The detection of atmospheric signatures of habitable Earth …

Methane has been proposed as an exoplanet biosignature. Imminent observations with the
James Webb Space Telescope may enable methane detections on potentially habitable …

In the past decade, observations from space and the ground have found water to be the
most abundant molecular species, after hydrogen, in the atmospheres of hot, gaseous …

Abstract The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will offer the first opportunity to
characterize terrestrial exoplanets with sufficient precision to identify high mean molecular …

We investigate a new class of habitable planets composed of water-rich interiors with
massive oceans underlying H 2-rich atmospheres, referred to here as Hycean worlds. With …

The critical first step in the search for life on exoplanets over the next decade is to determine
whether rocky planets transiting small M-dwarf stars possess atmospheres and, if so, what …

Ground-and space-based planet searches employing radial velocity techniques and transit
photometry have detected thousands of planet-hosting stars in the Milky Way. With so many …