Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in
changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are …

Mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are key signalling pathways that
regulate a wide variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation …

Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,
underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular …

The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), with its members JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, is a
subfamily of (MAPK) mitogen-activated protein kinases. JNK signaling regulates a wide …

There is increasing evidence showing that inflammation is an important pathogenic mediator
of the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance. It is now generally accepted that …

The ability to respond to perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function is a
fundamentally important property of all cells, but ER stress can also lead to apoptosis. In …

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate diverse cellular programs by
relaying extracellular signals to intracellular responses. In mammals, there are more than a …

c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are a family of protein kinases that play a central role in
stress signaling pathways implicated in gene expression, neuronal plasticity, regeneration …

Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are serine‐threonine protein kinases that play
the major role in signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. MAPKs, which …

The MAPK cascades are central signaling pathways that regulate a wide variety of
stimulated cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and stress …