Glycolysis, a simple pathway of glucose metabolism, critically regulates insulin secretion
and metabolic functions of various cells. Depending on cell types, rates of glycolysis are …

Metformin has been widely used as a first-line anti-diabetic medicine for the treatment of
type 2 diabetes (T2D). As a drug that primarily targets the liver, metformin suppresses …

ABSTRACT The sirtuins (SIRTs; SIRT1–7) are a family of NAD+‐dependent enzymes that
dynamically regulate cellular physiology. Apart from SIRT1, the functions and regulatory …

Abstract Metformin (MET), an anti-diabetic pharmaceutical of large-scale consumption, is
increasingly detected in surface waters. However, current knowledge on the long-term …

Some oligosaccharides function as prebiotics and improve the dysbiosis of the gut
microbiota, which affects the health of the host. Recent data suggests that …

It is well known that hyperglycaemia is the initiating cause of tissue damage associated with
type 2 diabetes mellitus and that enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis may account for the …

Carnivorous fish species such as the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are considered
to be “glucose intolerant” because of the prolonged hyperglycemia experienced after intake …

Metformin has been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems, yet the knowledge of its impact
on aquatic organisms, particularly at environmentally relevant concentrations, remains …

A popular hypothesis for the action of metformin, the widely used anti-diabetes drug, is the
inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, specifically at complex I. This is consistent with …

The alkaloid boldine occurs in the Chilean boldo tree (Peumus boldus). It acts as a free
radical scavenger and controls glycemia in diabetic rats. Various mechanisms have been …