Over the past decade, new research has advanced scientific knowledge of
neurodevelopmental trajectories, factors that increase neurodevelopmental risk, and …

Due to improvements in recognition and management of their multisystem disease, the long‐
term survival of infants, children, and adolescents with trisomy 21 and congenital heart …

Background Fetuses with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) exhibit profound fetal
circulatory disturbances that may affect early outcomes. Objectives This study sought to …

Background Opioids are commonly used to provide analgesia during and after congenital
heart surgery. The effects of exposure to opioids on neurodevelopment in neonates and …

Background International consensus exists for neurodevelopmental follow-up care of
children with congenital heart disease (CHD) to support timely intervention for …

Introduction Surveillance, screening, and evaluation for neurodevelopmental delays is a
pivotal component of post-surgical care for children with congenital heart disease (CHD) …

Introduction Identifying and addressing neurodevelopmental delays in children can be
challenging for families and the healthcare system. Delays in accessing services and early …

In 2012, the American Heart Association (AHA) pub-lished the first Scientific Statement
addressing the evaluation and management of neurodevelopmental outcomes in children …

Neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass
(CPB) are at high-risk for unfavorable neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes and are …

Differences in surveillance methods have resulted in significant variability in referral
volumes and referral completion rates across cardiac neurodevelopmental programs, with …