Starch and cellulose are the fundamental components of tobacco, while their excessive
content will affect the quality of tobacco. Enzymatic treatment with different enzymes is a …

Cigars and cigarillos are emerging as popular tobacco alternatives to cigarettes. However,
these products may be equally harmful to human health than cigarettes and are associated …

While an increasing number of studies have evaluated tobacco microbiomes, comparative
microbiome analyses across diverse tobacco products are non-existent. Moreover, to our …

This study investigates the health implications of sharing a shisha (hookah) mouthpiece
during smoking, with a focus on tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis prevalence in Sub Saharan …

Background: Waterpipe smoking, also known as hookah or shisha smoking, has gained
popularity in recent years, particularly among young adults and adolescents. Methods: A …