Asthma is a heterogeneous lung disease with variable phenotypes (clinical presentations)
and distinctive endotypes (mechanisms). Over the last decade, considerable efforts have …

The model of asthma as a single entity has now been replaced by a much more complex
biological network of distinct and interrelating inflammatory pathways. The term asthma is …

Neutrophilic inflammation has a key role in the pathophysiology of multiple chronic lung
diseases. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has emerged as a key …

Elderly asthmatics are at a higher risk for morbidity and mortality from their asthma than
younger patients. There are important age‐related physiologic and immunologic changes …

The heterogeneity of asthma makes it challenging to unravel the pathophysiologic
mechanisms of the disease. Despite the wealth of research identifying diverse phenotypes …

Highlights•Both asthma incidence as well as prevalence have increased dramatically both
globally and in the United States over the past 50 years.•Distinct populations including …

Immunosenescence is defined as changes in the innate and adaptive immune response
associated with increased age. The clinical consequences of immunosenescence include …

Asthma in the elderly (> 65 yr old) is common and associated with higher morbidity and
mortality than asthma in younger patients. The poor outcomes in this group are due, in part …

Age is a major risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and certain phenotypes of …

Aging is associated with a dysregulation of the immune system, leading to a general pro-
inflammatory state of the organism, a process that has been named inflamm-aging …