Aquaculture is an important source of high‐quality protein and plays a crucial role in
ensuring global food security. However, viral diseases have caused significant damage to …

Nodaviruses are small bipartite RNA viruses which belong to the family of Nodaviridae. They
are categorized into alpha-nodavirus, which infects insects, and beta-nodavirus, which …

Simple Summary The increasing demand for fish products has caused disease-related
problems due to intense fish practices in fish farms. The fish diseases infection caused by …

Viral diseases are responsible for high rates of mortality and subsequent economic losses in
modern aquaculture. The nervous necrosis virus (NNV) produces viral encephalopathy and …

Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) disease has caused mass mortality in cultured marine and
freshwater fish worldwide, resulting in enormous economic losses in the aquaculture …

Viral necrosis virus (NNV) or nodavirus causes fish viral encephalopathy and retinopathy
worldwide. In some cases, mortalities in aquaculture industry can reach up to 100%, some …

Virus-induced central nervous system (CNS) diseases represent a significant burden to
animal health worldwide. The difficulty in treating these diseases is mainly attributable to the …

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), which
is one of the most serious fish diseases leading to mass mortality in a wide range of fish …

Aquaculture is an extremely prosperous market threatened by pathogen outbreaks,
including viruses as nodavirus (NNV), which infect fish species with special interest in …

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), a highly contagious fish virus, has caused huge economic
losses to the global aquaculture industry. A previous study showed that protein A (ProA) …