Background Relapse is a great barrier to improving the effectiveness of methadone
maintenance treatment (MMT). Participants with different treatment durations could vary in …

Background Opioids are being used more frequently in the management of non-malignant
chronic pain. This practice has now led to a new and growing problem with addiction and …

MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a psychoactive substance that is
associated with neurotoxicity. MDMA exposure to human results in the degeneration of …

This study examined physical activity levels and heroin cravings among male and female
adults with a history of heroin dependence and at least 12 months of continuous sobriety …

Abstract Misuse of Narcotics, Psychotropic and Other Addictive Substances is still a problem
in the community. International drug abuse has increased. Drug dependence can be …