This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of financial intermediation and the
economic effects of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), a large and novel small …

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic,
and organizational life around the world changed dramatically overnight. In response, there …

This paper compares economic recovery in the COVID-19 pandemic with other types of
disasters, at the scale of businesses. As countries around the world struggle to emerge from …

Public health organizations increasingly use social media advertising campaigns in pursuit
of public health goals. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of about 40millionofsocialmediaadvertisementsthatw …

We document fragile demand for socially responsible investments (SRIs) by retail mutual
fund investors. Using COVID-19 as an economic shock, we show funds with higher …

This paper describes the adoption of automation technologies by US firms across all
economic sectors by leveraging a new module introduced in the 2019 Annual Business …

The impacts of crises are never gender-neutral, and the COVID-19 pandemic is no
exception. Using a brand-new dataset covering 24 countries, we document that women-led …

We use the COVID shock to study the direct and interactive effects of several forms of
corporate flexibility on short-and long-term real business plans. We find that i) workplace …

Abstract Small and Medium-scale Enterprises (SMEs) often face severe challenges during
most global crises. This study utilizes metadata from 694 publications generated through a …

We study the link between the unexpected surge in credit line drawdowns in March-April
2020 and banks' subsequent lending decisions. We find that banks with larger ex ante credit …