A biofilm is an interface-associated colloidal dispersion of bacterial cells and excreted
polymers in which microorganisms find protection from their environment. Successful …

Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration has been investigated for almost 10 years. The
technology is characterized not only by relatively lower transmembrane pressures which can …

We summarize different studies describing mechanisms through which bacteria in a biofilm
mode of growth resist mechanical and chemical challenges. Acknowledging previous …

The application of membrane technology for water treatment and reuse is hampered by the
development of a microbial biofilm. Biofilm growth in micro-and ultrafiltration (MF/UF) …

The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure
and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) …

The study of the microbial ecology of drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) has
traditionally been based on culturing organisms from bulk water samples. The development …

Biofilms are resilient to a wide variety of environmental stresses. This inherited robustness
has been exploited mainly for bioremediation. With a better understanding of their …

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a powerful noninvasive technique for
monitoring fouling in membrane filtration systems for water and wastewater treatment and …

Imaging of biofilm systems is a prerequisite for a better understanding of both structure and
its function. The review aims to critically discuss the use of optical coherence tomography …

A major problem for the operation of membrane based water treatment systems is fouling of
the membrane surface. Within industrial modules, such as spiral wound modules, feed …