The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal network generates pulse and surge
modes of gonadotropin secretion critical for puberty and fertility. The arcuate nucleus …

Astrocytes, a major type of glial cell, are known to play key supportive roles in brain function,
contributing to ion and neurotransmitter homeostasis, maintaining the blood–brain barrier …

Phthalates (PAEs) are widely used for their excellent ability to improve plastic products. As
an essential endocrine axis that regulates the reproductive system, whether dysfunction of …

The prostaglandins constitute a family of lipids of 20 carbon atoms that derive from
polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid. Traditionally, prostaglandins have …

Communication between the periphery and the brain is key for maintaining energy
homeostasis. To do so, peripheral signals from the circulation reach the brain via the …

Hypothalamic feeding circuits have been identified as having innate synaptic plasticity,
mediating adaption to the changing metabolic milieu by controlling responses to feeding …

Reproduction is safeguarded by multiple, often cooperative, regulatory networks. Kisspeptin
signaling, via KISS1R, plays a fundamental role in reproductive control, primarily by …

Neurons that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which control fertility,
complete their nose-to-brain migration by birth. However, their function depends on …

Steroid hormones of gonadal origin act on the neonatal brain to produce sex differences that
underlie adult reproductive physiology and behavior. Neuronal sex differences occur on a …

Substantial progress has been made in recent years toward deciphering the molecular and
genetic underpinnings of the pubertal process. The availability of powerful new methods to …