BACKGROUND Pathogens cause agricultural devastation and huge economic losses. Up to
30% of our crops are lost before or after harvest to pathogens and pests, wasting water and …

The widespread occurrence of repetitive stretches of DNA in genomes of organisms across
the tree of life imposes fundamental challenges for sequencing, genome assembly, and …

We have produced an mRNA expression time course of zebrafish development across 18
time points from 1 cell to 5 days post-fertilisation sampling individual and pools of embryos …

Excessive activation of microglia and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines play
a crucial role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) …

Cys2-His2 zinc finger genes (ZNFs) form the largest family of transcription factors in
metazoans. ZNF evolution is highly dynamic and characterized by the rapid expansion and …

Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) play important roles in the
innate immune systems of both plants and animals. Recent breakthroughs in NLR …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their signaling pathways have essential roles in
recognizing various components of pathogens as well as damaged cells and triggering …

The recognition of cellular damage caused by either pathogens or abiotic stress is essential
for host defense in all forms of life in the plant and animal kingdoms. The NOD-like receptors …

The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is one of the best-
characterized inflammasomes in humans and other mammals. However, knowledge about …

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large genetic region with many genes,
including the highly polymorphic classical class I and II genes that play crucial roles in …