Developmental periods such as gestation and adolescence have enhanced plasticity
leaving the brain vulnerable to harmful effects from nicotine use. Proper brain maturation …

Substance use in adolescence is a known risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric
and substance use disorders in adulthood. This is in part due to the fact that critical aspects …

This paper is the forty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

Introduction The initiation of nicotine and tobacco use peaks during adolescence. How
adolescent males and females differ based on the acquisition of nicotine use and nicotine …

Introduction A method for delivering vaporized nicotine to animals has been developed
using e-cigarette devices. The present experiment was designed to measure the effects of e …

Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Although
combustible cigarettes are largely being replaced by tobacco-free products, nicotine use …

Introduction Initiation of tobacco products typically occurs in adolescence. Adolescence is a
critical period in development where the maturation of brain neurocircuitry is vulnerable to …

Rationale Large-scale human candidate gene studies have indicated that a genetic variant
(rs2304297) in the alpha (α) 6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, encoded by …

Introduction Nicotine exposure via early combustible cigarette smoking can prime the
adolescent brain for subsequent cocaine use. However, there is limited evidence whether e …

Adolescence marks a sensitive period for neurodevelopment wherein exposure to drugs of
abuse may disrupt maturation and induce persistent changes in neurophysiology which may …