Abstract The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is diffusely applied to areas
with uniform precipitation distribution and gentle slopes. However, the SWAT has apparent …

Rangelands cover half of the world's land surface, yet they are often threatened by multiple
factors, such as the encroachment of woody plant populations. This comprehensive review …

The increase of tree canopy cover due to woody plant encroachment and tree plantations
modifies both carbon and water dynamics. The tradeoffs between ecosystem net primary …

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in surface water influences the global carbon cycle,
ecosystem productivity, and water quality in potable water supply systems. Few physically …

Effective drought management requires precise measurement, but this is challenging due to
the variety of drought indices and indicators, each with unique methods and specific uses …

This study examines the hydrological dynamics of the Ticino irrigation cascade in northern
Italy from 2004 to 2022. The region, which is shaped by human activity, is characterized by …

Estimation of hydrological processes is critical to water resource management, water supply
planning, ecological protection, and climate change impact assessment. Mountains in …

Evapotranspiration (ET) is pivotal in the terrestrial water cycle in subhumid and tropical
regions. In the water cycle, the contribution of plant transpiration can be distinctively more …

Blue water (BW) and green water (GW) are crucial components of the hydrological cycle, but
their accurate simulation and interpretation remain challenging in data-scarce basins. We …

The growth of vegetation in ecosystems is influenced by hydro-climatic factors and
biogeochemical cycles. Accurately modeling annual vegetation growth dynamics is …