Noncanonical functions of the autophagy machinery in pathways including LC3-associated
phagocytosis and LC3-associated endocytosis have garnered increasing interest in both …

Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles newly formed during autophagy to engulf
a wide range of intracellular material and transport this autophagic cargo to lysosomes (or …

The molecular function of Atg9, the sole transmembrane protein in the autophagosome-
forming machinery, remains unknown. Atg9 colocalizes with Atg2 at the expanding edge of …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which occupies a large portion of the cytoplasm, is the
cell's main site for the biosynthesis of lipids and carbohydrate conjugates, and it is essential …

An enigmatic step in de novo formation of the autophagosome membrane compartment is
the expansion of the precursor membrane phagophore, which requires the acquisition of …

Autophagosome biogenesis is a dynamic membrane event, which is executed by the
sequential function of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Upon autophagy induction, a cup …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Abstract LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is a novel form of non-canonical autophagy
where LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B–light chain 3) is conjugated to …

Macroautophagy, or simply autophagy, is a degradative pathway that delivers cytoplasmic
components, including cytosol and organelles, to the lysosome in double-membrane …

Autophagy is a pivotal cytoprotective process that secures cellular homeostasis, fulfills
essential roles in development, immunity and defence against pathogens, and determines …