The clinical success of immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has produced explosive growth in
tumor immunology research because ICT was discovered through basic studies of immune …

Following infection, T cells differentiate into a heterogeneous population of effector T cells
that can mediate pathogen clearance. A subset of these effector T cells possesses the ability …

▪ Abstract Several members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family function after
initial T cell activation to sustain T cell responses. This review focuses on CD27, 4-1BB …

Although primary CD8 responses to acute infections are independent of CD4 help, it is
unknown whether a similar situation applies to secondary responses. We show that …

Technological advances in recent years have allowed for an ever-expanding ability to
analyze and quantify in vivo immune responses. MHC tetramers, intracellular cytokine …

Activated antigen-specific T cells produce a variety of effector molecules for clearing
infection but also contribute to inflammation and tissue injury. Here we report an anti …

The CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response to pathogens is thought to be CD4+ helper T cell
independent because infectious agents provide their own inflammatory signals. Mice that …

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium that is often used to study the
mammalian immune response to infection because it is easy to culture, is relatively safe to …

Sepsis results in a deluge of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, leading to lymphopenia
and chronic immunoparalysis. Sepsis-induced long-lasting immunoparalysis is defined, in …

Several recent studies have demonstrated that T-helper cell-dependent events during the
initial priming period are required for the generation of CD8+ T cell-mediated protective …