The concept of the neurovascular unit (NVU), formalized at the 2001 Stroke Progress
Review Group meeting of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke …

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation is essential for normal brain function. The mammalian
brain has evolved a unique mechanism for CBF control known as neurovascular coupling …

To continuously process neural activity underlying sensation, movement and cognition, the
CNS requires a homeostatic microenvironment that is not only enriched in nutrients to meet …

Blood flow into the brain is dynamically regulated to satisfy the changing metabolic
requirements of neurons, but how this is accomplished has remained unclear. Here we …

Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial
depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is …

Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular
resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the …

Astrocytic endfeet cover the entire cerebral vasculature and serve as exchange sites for
ions, metabolites and energy substrates from the blood to the brain. They maintain …

Neuronal activity results in increased blood flow in the brain, a response named functional
hyperemia. Astrocytes play an important role in mediating this response. Neurotransmitters …

Astrocytes are key homeostatic regulators in the central nervous system and play important
roles in physiology. After brain damage caused by eg, status epilepticus, traumatic brain …

Astrocytes outnumber neurons in the human brain, and they play a key role in numerous
functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including glutamate, ion (ie, Ca2+, K+) …