Earth's magnetic field is generated by fluid motions in the outer core. This geodynamo has
operated for over 3.4 billion years. However, the mechanism that has sustained the …

The Earth's magnetic field is powered by energy supplied by the slow cooling and freezing
of the liquid iron core. Efforts to determine the thermal and chemical history of the core have …

Geological evidence indicates that grounded ice sheets reached sea level at all latitudes
during two long-lived Cryogenian (58 and≥ 5 My) glaciations. Combined uranium-lead and …

The paleomagnetic record indicates the geodynamo has been active over much of Earth
history with surprisingly little trend in paleointensity. Variability, however, is expected from …

Abstract The Ediacaran Period was an interval of significant global transformation, marked
by major changes in the biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere, and possibly …

The “new core paradox” suggests that the persistence of the geomagnetic field over nearly
all of Earth history is in conflict with the core being highly thermally conductive, which makes …

Elucidating the processes in the liquid core that have produced observed palaeointensity
changes over the last 3.5 Gyr is crucial for understanding the dynamics and long-term …

Paleointensity data can yield insight on the state of the geodynamo, providing constraints on
deep Earth events and enabling analysis of long-term trends in the paleomagnetic field. The …

Energy considerations indicate that the power delivered to the present-day geodynamo
comes mainly from the growth of the solid inner core, through light element and latent heat …

This paper reviews the remarkable developments in numerical geodynamo simulations over
the last few years. Simulations with Ekman numbers as low as E= 10− 8 E= 10− 8 are now …