Highlights•Local governments are crucial actors in the multi-level climate governance
system.•A massive upscaling of local climate policies is key to achieving the 1.5 C …

Increasing greenhouse gaseous concentration in the atmosphere is perturbing the
environment to cause grievous global warming and associated consequences. Following …

Urban areas' population has grown during the last century and it is expected that over 60%
of the world population will live in cities by 2050. Urban parks provide several ecosystem …

Ecosystem services are vital for humans in urban regions. However, urban development
poses a great risk for the ability of ecosystems to provide these services. In this paper we first …

Cities are often blamed for high levels of greenhouse gas emissions. However, an analysis
of emissions inventories shows that—in most cases—per capita emissions from cities are …

Research on the impact of urbanization on carbon emissions has great significance to the
development of low-carbon cities. Although various studies have found a causal relationship …

Assessing the carbon storage capacity of terrestrial ecosystems is crucial for land
management and carbon reduction policymaking. There is still a knowledge gap regarding …

There is a growing body of literature calling for work on the emerging role of smart cities as
information hubs and knowledge repositories. This article reviews the existing smart city …

This paper reviews research on urban agriculture which relates to the three dimensions of
sustainability: social, economic and environmental. We propose that urban agriculture has …

This chapter introduces patterns of urbanization, biodiversity, and ecosystem services at the
global scale. Underpinning the goals of the chapter is the notion that cities are inextricably …