Preeclampsia is one of the “great obstetrical syndromes” in which multiple and sometimes
overlapping pathologic processes activate a common pathway consisting of endothelial cell …

Macrophages are heterogeneous and their phenotype and functions are regulated by the
surrounding micro‐environment. Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets: 1) …

Chronic inflammatory lesions of the placenta are characterized by the infiltration of the organ
by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and/or macrophages and may result from infections (viral …

Recurrent miscarriage is frustrating for the physician and a heartbreaking experience for the
patient. Approximately 5% of couples trying to conceive have two consecutive miscarriages …

Wound healing capability is inextricably linked with diverse aspects of physical fitness
ranging from recovery after minor injuries and surgery to diabetes and some types of cancer …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subset of T lymphocytes that function as
suppressive immune cells and inhibit various elements of immune response in vitro and in …

The maternal immune system needs to adapt to tolerate the semi-allogeneic conceptus.
Since maternal allo-reactive lymphocytes are not fully depleted, other local/systemic …

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common and severe pathological pregnancy, whose
pathogenesis is not fully understood. With the development of epigenetics, the study of DNA …

We hypothesize that, ancestrally, sex-specific immune modulation evolved to facilitate
survival of the pregnant person in the presence of an invasive placenta and an …

Human exposure to environmental chemicals might play a role in the pathogenesis of
unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S …