In recent years, the study of heat to work conversion has been re-invigorated by
nanotechnology. Steady-state devices do this conversion without any macroscopic moving …

The seminal work by Sadi Carnot in the early nineteenth century provided the blueprint of a
reversible heat engine and the celebrated second law of thermodynamics eventually …

Thermodynamics originated in the need to understand novel technologies developed by the
Industrial Revolution. However, over the centuries, the description of engines, refrigerators …

Developments in the thermodynamics of small quantum systems envisage nonclassical
thermal machines. In this scenario, energy fluctuations play a relevant role in the description …

Heat engines should ideally have large power output, operate close to Carnot efficiency and
show constancy, ie, exhibit only small fluctuations in this output. For steady-state heat …

We realize a heat engine using a single-electron spin as a working medium. The spin
pertains to the valence electron of a trapped Ca+ 40 ion, and heat reservoirs are emulated …

According to the second law, the efficiency of cyclic heat engines is limited by the Carnot
bound that is attained by engines that operate between two thermal baths under the …

For a general thermodynamic system described as a Markov process, we prove a general
lower bound for dissipation in terms of the square of the heat current, thus establishing that …

The exactly solvable Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model has recently received considerable
attention in both condensed matter and high energy physics because it describes quantum …

Engines are systems and devices that convert one form of energy into another, typically into
a more useful form that can perform work. In the classical setup, physical, chemical, and …