Time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) describes the quantum dynamics of
interacting electronic many-body systems formally exactly and in a practical and efficient …

Three major groups of pigments, the betalains, the carotenoids, and the anthocyanins, are
responsible for the attractive natural display of flower colors. Because of the broad …

Small-angle scattering (SAS) of x-rays and neutrons is a fundamental tool in the study of
biological macromolecules. The major advantage of the method lies in its ability to provide …

Carotenoids are, along with chlorophylls, the most abundant pigments found in nature. They
are present in most organisms including humans but can be synthesized only by plants and …

Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol, 1, Figure 1) is considered the most multifunctional vitamin in the
human body. 1 It plays key roles in many physiological processes such as vision …

Carotenoids are among the most prevalent pigments used in animal signals and are also
important for a range of physiological functions. These concomitant roles have made …

Crustaceans are cultured extensively around the world in intensive farming systems. High‐
performance formulated feeds have been developed for crustacean aquaculture, which are …

Animal integumentary coloration plays a crucial role in visual communication and
camouflage, and varies extensively among and within species and populations. To …

Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family,
has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical …

This chapter provides an understanding of colorant chemistry-an essential prerequisite to
managing the color and color stability of foods. It discusses a process that improves the …