Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically defined by the presence of fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ)
peptide in extracellular senile plaques and tau filaments in intracellular neurofibrillary …

Laminin (Ln) and collagen are multifunctional glycoproteins that play an important role in
cellular morphogenesis, cell signalling, tissue repair and cell migration. These proteins are …

Breastfeeding offers demonstrable benefits to newborns and infants by providing
nourishment and immune protection and by shaping the gut commensal microbiota …

Clostridioides difficile spores produced during infection are important for the recurrence of
the disease. Here, we show that C. difficile spores gain entry into the intestinal mucosa via …

Borrelia miyamotoi is an emerging tick-borne pathogen in the Northern Hemisphere and is
the causative agent of Borrelia miyamotoi disease (BMD). Borrelia miyamotoi is vectored by …

Microbes have evolved over millennia to become adapted and specialized to the
environments that they occupy. These environments may include water or soil, extreme …

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (also known as gonococcus) has been causing gonorrhoea in
humans since ancient Egyptian times. Today, global gonorrhoea infections are rising at an …

The complement and coagulation systems are two related protein cascades in plasma that
serve important roles in host defense and hemostasis, respectively. Complement activation …

Complement is a central homeotic system of mammals and represents the first defense line
of innate immunity. The human complement system is aimed to maintain homeostasis by …

The excretion of cytoplasmic and signal-peptide-less proteins (ECP) by microorganisms and
eukaryotes remains a fascinating topic. In principle, it appears to be a waste of energy …