After the success of the Bitcoin blockchain, came several cryptocurrencies and blockchain
solutions in the last decade. Nonetheless, Blockchain-based systems still suffer from low …

Blockchains, in general, and cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, in particular, are realized
using distributed systems and hence critically rely on the performance and security of the …

Smart contract platforms such as Ethereum and Libra provide ways to seamlessly remove
trust and add transparency to various distributed applications. Yet, these platforms lack …

We present Arbitrum, a cryptocurrency system that supports smart contracts without the
limitations of scalability and privacy of systems previous systems such as Ethereum …

Blockchains have the potential to revolutionize markets and services. However, they
currently exhibit high latencies and fail to handle transaction loads comparable to those …

Blockchains have the potential to revolutionize markets and services, yet, currently exhibit
high latencies and fail to handle loads comparable to those managed by traditional …

State channels are a leading approach for improving the scalability of blockchains and
cryptocurrencies. They allow a group of distrustful parties to optimistically execute an …

Off-chain protocols are a promising solution to the cryptocurrency scalability dilemma. It
focuses on moving transactions from a blockchain network like Ethereum to another off …

Payment-channel networks (PCN) are the most prominent approach to tackle the scalability
issues of current permissionless blockchains. A PCN reduces the load on-chain by allowing …

Smart Contracts and transactions allow users to implement elaborate constructions on
cryptocurrency blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Many of these constructions …