Heart failure (HF), the leading cause of death in the western world, develops when a cardiac
injury or insult impairs the ability of the heart to pump blood and maintain tissue perfusion. It …

Cardiac hypertrophy can be defined as an increase in heart mass. Pathological cardiac
hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in settings of disease, eg hypertension) is a key risk …

Heart failure is a syndrome characterized initially by left ventricular dysfunction that triggers
countermeasures aimed to restore cardiac output. These responses are compensatory at …

Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome characterized by upregulation of the sympathetic nervous
system and abnormal responsiveness of the parasympathetic nervous system. 1 Evidence …

Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction is the strongest predictor of mortality in pulmonary arterial
hypertension (PAH), but, at present, there are no therapies directly targeting the failing RV …

Cardiac remodeling is typically associated with disease and can lead to heart failure. In
contrast, remodeling that occurs in the athlete's heart is considered an adaptive …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as β-adrenergic and angiotensin II receptors,
located in the membranes of all three major cardiac cell types, ie myocytes, fibroblasts and …

Rationale: Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases the force of contraction and rate of
ventricular relaxation by triggering protein kinase (PK) A-dependent phosphorylation of …

α1‐Adrenoceptors are seven transmembrane domain GPCRs involved in numerous
physiological functions controlled by the endogenous catecholamines, noradrenaline and …

Evidence from cell, animal, and human studies demonstrates that α1-adrenergic receptors
mediate adaptive and protective effects in the heart. These effects may be particularly …