Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-
inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide …

Cytokine storm generates during various systemic acute infections, including sepsis and
current pandemic called COVID-19 (severe) causing devastating inflammatory conditions …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the innate immune system by recognizing
pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes. TLRs signal …

A coordinated balance between the positive and negative regulation of pattern-recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated innate inflammatory responses is required to ensure the most …

Asthma is chronic inflammation of the airways characterized by airway hyper-
responsiveness, wheezing, cough, and dyspnea. Asthma affects> 350 million people …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are germline‐encoded receptors that are central to innate and
adaptive immune responses. Owing to their vital role in inflammation, TLRs are rational …

In recent years, researchers have devoted much attention to the diverse roles of
macrophages and their contributions to tissue development, wound healing, and …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that
play a central role in host cell recognition and responses to microbial pathogens. TLR …

The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as components that recognize conserved
structures in pathogens has greatly advanced understanding of how the body senses …

The immune response to sepsis can be seen as a pattern recognition receptor-mediated
dysregulation of the immune system following pathogen invasion in which a careful balance …