Do forced assimilation policies always succeed in integrating immigrant groups? This article
examines how a specific assimilation policy—language restrictions in elementary school …

For many children around the world, access to higher education and the labour market
depends on becoming fluent in a second language. In South Africa, the majority of children …

This paper brings together methodological, theoretical, and empirical analysis into the
framework of linguistic diversity. It reflects both historical and contemporary research by …

This article explores how language policy affects the socioeconomic development of nation
states through two channels: the individual's exposure to and (in reference to an individual's …

Learning is the foundation of the human experience. It begins at birth and never stops, a
continuous and malleable link across life stages of human development. Disparities in …

The relative educational returns on colonial versus indigenous language instruction in sub-
Saharan countries have yet to be decisively estimated. To address this unanswered …

Can forced assimilation policies successfully integrate immigrant groups? As cross-border
migration surges, more countries must grapple with this question. A rich theoretical literature …

In an attempt to divide and marginalize the black population, the apartheid regime forcefully
relocated some 3.5 million South Africans to rural homelands between 1960 and 1980. This …

In 1994, Ethiopia introduced mother tongue instruction in primary schooling for the largest
ethnic group in the country. Combining data from before and after the policy change, from …

Abstract A Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) method, in which some
subjects are taught in a foreign language (English), was initiated in Spain in 2005 and has …