In the healthy endometrium, progesterone and estrogen signaling coordinate in a tightly
regulated, dynamic interplay to drive a normal menstrual cycle and promote an embryo …

Estrogens have historically been associated with female reproduction, but work over the last
two decades established that estrogens and their main nuclear receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) …

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been recognized now for several decades as playing a
key role in reproduction and exerting functions in numerous nonreproductive tissues. In this …

Nuclear receptors are classically defined as ligand-activated transcription factors that
regulate key functions in reproduction, development, and physiology. Humans have 48 …

Meiosis is the basis of sexual reproduction. In female mammals, meiosis of oocytes starts
before birth and sustains at the dictyate stage of meiotic prophase I before gonadotropins …

Estrogen is a steroid hormone that has critical roles in reproductive development, bone
homeostasis, cardiovascular remodeling and brain functions. However, estrogen also …

Previous studies have identified over 3,000 genes that are differentially expressed in male
and female skeletal muscle. Here, we review the sex-based differences in skeletal muscle …

Estrogens are the primary female sex hormones and play important roles in both
reproductive and non-reproductive systems. Estrogens can be synthesized in non …

The hormone estrogen is involved in both female and male reproduction, as well as
numerous other biological systems including the neuroendocrine, vascular, skeletal, and …

Analogous to other physiological systems, the immune system also demonstrates
remarkable sex differences. Although the reasons for sex differences in immune responses …