Defining how organ size is regulated, a process controlled not only by the number of cells
but also by the size of the cells, is a frontier in developmental biology. Large cells are …

Polyploidy is a frequent phenomenon in the eukaryotic world, but the biological properties of
polyploid cells are not well understood. During evolution, polyploidy is thought to be an …

We present a unifying theory to explain cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and
lethality. The basis of this theory is the formation of simultaneously polyploid and aneuploid …

The imprinted oncofetal long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is expressed in the embryo,
down-regulated at birth and then reappears in tumors. Its role in tumor initiation and …

Proper labelling of meat products is important to help fair-trade, and to enable consumers to
make informed choices. However, it has been shown that labelling of species, expressed as …

DNA replication during cell proliferation is 'vertical'copying, which reproduces an initial
amount of genetic information. Polyploidy, which results from whole-genome duplication, is …

Gene transfer using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has great potential for treating
human disease. Recently, questions have arisen about the safety of AAV vectors …

Polyploid cells demonstrate biological plasticity and stress adaptation in evolution;
development; and pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and …

Unusually large cancer cells with abnormal nuclei have been documented in the cancer
literature since 1858. For more than 100 years, they have been generally disregarded as …

The size of the liver of terrestrial mammals obeys the allometric scaling law over a weight
range of> 3∗ 10 6. Since scaling reflects adaptive changes in size or scale among otherwise …