▪ Abstract Rapid generation of superoxide and accumulation of H2O2 is a characteristic
early feature of the hypersensitive response following perception of pathogen avirulence …

Plants are constantly being challenged by aspiring pathogens, but disease is rare. Why?
Broadly, there are three reasons for pathogen failure. Either (1) the plant is unable to support …

As plants are confined to the place where they grow, they have to develop a broad range of
defence responses to cope with pathogenic infections. The oxidative burst, a rapid, transient …

Because of a high sensitivity to cold, both the yield and quality of tomato (Solanum
lycopersicum L.) are severely restricted by cold stress. The NAC transcription factor (TF) …

Recognition of an avirulent pathogen stimulates an oxidative burst generating O 2− and H 2
O 2, and these reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) cue the induction of defense genes and …

The plant response to attempted infection by microbial pathogens is often accompanied by
rapid cell death in and around the initial infection site, a reaction known as the …

Rx-mediated extreme resistance against potato virus X in potato does not involve a necrotic
hypersensitive response at the site of initial infection and thereby differs from the more usual …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a physiological cell death process involved in the selective
elimination of unwanted cells (Ellis et al., 1991). In animals, these unwanted cells include …

A nearly ubiquitous feature of plant-pathogen interactions is host cell death. In its most
recognizable form, host cell death is manifested as the rapid collapse of tissue, termed the …

The hypersensitive response, or HR, is a form of cell death often associated with plant
resistance to pathogen infection. Reactive oxygen intermediates and ion fluxes are proximal …